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AE Monitoring of rock structure during excavation at Underground LPG Storage, Namikata, Japan - LAZOC

When designing underground structures there is a large amount of uncertainty due to a large number of factors:

This is why there is the need of a system of control that enables us:

In order to establish a control system, monitoring of different parameters is made by means of different techniques and tools:

Parameter recorded Tool
Settlement at the surface Levelling
Displacements and convergences in the opening skin Tachymeter, tunnel scanner, extensive tape, etc
Displacements within the rock mass Extensometers , sliding micrometers, inclinometers, deflectometers
Stresses on support Pressure cells
Strains on support Strain gauges
Primary or natural stresses in the ground Hydraulic fracturing, unloading drills,

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