New Austrian Tunnelling Method called Sprayed Concrete Lining.

A local community defined by physical boundaries or social similarity. Boundaries may not be precisely defined

Laborer on the drilling crew who handles drill steel replacements and bits and does general housekeeping.

Oxides of nitrogen. Common pollutants monitored in urban areas. Work has been directed at understanding the total cost to society of the release of such pollutants

Unwelcome sound

Sounds or sound levels causing annoyance, environmental or health impacts

The failure to meet a specified standard.

Full-circle or arch forms that when stripped and collapsed, will not pass through other forms erected in place.

Pollutant and dangerous smoke produced in the construction site.

Attachment at end of delivery hose from which shotcrete is jetted at high velocity

Worker on shotcrete crew who manipulates the nozzle, controls consistency with the dry process, and controls final disposition of the material

Parking in appropriate facilities off the street. Does not refer to illegal parking at the roadside

Type of pollution caused by air with oil particules.

Parking within the street area whether in designated parking places or not

The shield normally used in soft ground tunnelling.

A trench excavated from the surface and left uncovered until completion of the work within.

A tunnel constructed by excavating a trench from the surface, building the structure within the trench, and then backfilling to restore the surface.

The periodic, on-going cost of a system, facility or object. Depending on specific usage, may be restricted only to costs when a facility is used

The person with direct control of the equipment

A company, agency or person responsible for operation of a system